The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 10 letter word MODERATION
I've seen this crossword clue in The Guardian
M
O
D
E
R
A
T
I
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N
More clues leading to the result MODERATION
- Restraint in allocation under way
- Control way of working allotment
- Subduing maiden with just enough poetry?
- Restraint hurts inmate 10
- A communist uprising blocks proposal for temperance
- Economy way ahead of limit
- Self-control of Government department on European limit
- Dare stray, shackled by proposal for self-restraint
- Way of doing things to share control
Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "temperance" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case temperance = moderation.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does MODERATION mean?
MODERATION noun- The state or quality of being moderate; avoidance of extremes
- An instance of moderating: bringing something away from extremes, especially in a beneficial way
- The process of moderating a discussion