The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 8 letter word SHADRACH
S
H
A
D
R
A
C
H
Buddy explains!
The straight part
We know that "Abednego's companion" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case abednego's companion = shadrach.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.