The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 5 plus 4 letter word SPACE CREW
I've seen this crossword clue in The Guardian
S
P
A
C
E
C
R
E
W
Buddy explains!
The straight part
We know that "Astronauts together" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case astronauts together = space crew.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.