The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 10 letter word EMACIATION
I've seen this crossword clue in The Times
E
M
A
C
I
A
T
I
O
N
More clues leading to the result EMACIATION
Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "Cadaverous state" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case cadaverous state = emaciation.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does EMACIATION mean?
EMACIATION noun- The act of making very lean.
- The state of being emaciated or reduced to excessive leanness; an excessively lean condition.