The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 10 letter word SETTLEMENT
I've seen this crossword clue in The Times
S
E
T
T
L
E
M
E
N
T
More clues leading to the result SETTLEMENT
- Local community bench chaps built finally
- Clear soldiers, with time, from the village
- Colonisation of earth allowed humans to be preserved
- Conclusion of Hamlet?
- Short letter sent out about end of prom sinking
- Defrayal of expenses in colony
- . Underground home allowed nursing staff to form community
- Agreement reached in Hamlet?
- Insurance payment for subsidence
- Colony arrangement
Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "Colonisation" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case colonisation = settlement.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does SETTLEMENT mean?
SETTLEMENT noun- The act of settling.
- The state of being settled.
- A colony that is newly established; a place or region newly settled.
- A community of people living together, such as a hamlet, village, town, or city.
- The gradual sinking of a building. Fractures or dislocations caused by settlement.
- The delivery of goods by the seller and payment for them by the buyer, under a previously agreed trade or transaction or contract entered into.
- A disposition of property, or the act of granting it.
- A settled place of abode; residence; a right growing out of legal residence.
- A resolution of a dispute.