The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 11 letter word CLIMATOLOGY
I've seen this crossword clue in Independent
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More clues leading to the result CLIMATOLOGY
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The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
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What does CLIMATOLOGY mean?
CLIMATOLOGY noun- The science that deals with climates, and investigates their phenomena and causes.