The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 10 letter word ABSOLUTIST
I've seen this crossword clue in Financial Times
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More clues leading to the result ABSOLUTIST
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The straight part
We know that "Despot" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case despot = absolutist.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does ABSOLUTIST mean?
ABSOLUTIST noun- One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government.
- One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of the Absolute.
- An uncompromising person; one who maintains certain principles to be absolute.
- Of or pertaining to absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; uncompromising.