The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 9 letter word OXIDATION
I've seen this crossword clue in Independent
O
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More clues leading to the result OXIDATION
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The straight part
We know that "rust" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case rust = oxidation.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does OXIDATION mean?
OXIDATION noun- The combination of a substance with oxygen.
- A reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons and the oxidation state of the element increases.