The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 8 letter word NANOGRAM
N
A
N
O
G
R
A
M
Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "mass, one in a billion" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case mass, one in a billion = nanogram.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does NANOGRAM mean?
NANOGRAM noun- A unit of mass equal to 0.000 000 001 grams. Symbol: ng