The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 4 plus 7 letter word ROAD SWEEPER
I've seen this crossword clue in The Guardian
R
O
A
D
S
W
E
E
P
E
R
Buddy explains!
The straight part
We know that "Highway environmental hygienist" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case highway environmental hygienist = road sweeper.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.