The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 12 letter word PATHOGENESIS
I've seen this crossword clue in The Times
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Buddy explains!
The straight part
We know that "How disease develops?" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case how disease develops? = pathogenesis.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does PATHOGENESIS mean?
PATHOGENESIS noun- The origin and development of a disease.
- The mechanism whereby something causes a disease.