The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 7 plus 2 letter word DOUBLED UP
I've seen this crossword clue in The Guardian
D
O
U
B
L
E
D
U
P
Buddy explains!
The straight part
We know that "Increased by 100%/in real agony" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case increased by 100%/in real agony = doubled up.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.