The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 10 letter word FLUGELHORN
I've seen this crossword clue in The Guardian
F
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Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "Instrument/Instrument" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case instrument/instrument = flugelhorn.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does FLUGELHORN mean?
FLUGELHORN noun- A brass instrument resembling a cornet but with a wider, conical bore, and usually with three valves, in the same B-flat pitch as many trumpets and cornets but with a more deeply conical mouthpiece than those. A bugle with valves.