The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 10 plus 5 letter word REPUBLICAN PARTY
I've seen this crossword clue in The Times
R
E
P
U
B
L
I
C
A
N
P
A
R
T
Y
More clues leading to the result REPUBLICAN PARTY
Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "political group" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case political group = republican party.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.