The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 9 letter word MILLRACES
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The straight part
We know that "which keep big wheels going" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case which keep big wheels going = millraces.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does MILLRACES mean?
MILLRACES noun- A fast-running water-filled channel diverted from a river or stream used to drive a mill wheel.