The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 5 plus 3 letter word RADIO HAM
I've seen this crossword clue in The Daily Telegraph
R
A
D
I
O
H
A
M
Buddy explains!
The straight part
We know that "One allotted a call sign" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case one allotted a call sign = radio ham.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.