The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 10 letter word SURMOUNTED
I've seen this crossword clue in The Guardian
S
U
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M
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More clues leading to the result SURMOUNTED
Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "Overcame" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case overcame = surmounted.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does SURMOUNTED mean?
SURMOUNTED verb- To get over; to overcome.
- To cap; to sit on top off.
- Of an arch or dome: rising higher than a semicircle.
- Denoting a figure when another is laid over it.