The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 20 letter word BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE
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Buddy explains!
The straight part
We know that "Polygonal structure" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case polygonal structure = buckminsterfullerene.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE mean?
BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE noun- An allotrope of carbon having a hollow molecule consisting of 60 atoms arranged in 12 pentagonal and 20 hexagonal faces to form a truncated icosahedron; the smallest of the fullerenes.