The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 5 letter word TITER
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The straight part
We know that "Quantity added in US chemistry lab" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case quantity added in us chemistry lab = titer.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does TITER mean?
TITER noun- The concentration of a substance as determined by titration.
- To measure a concentration, especially by means of titration