The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 7 letter word SMELTER
I've seen this crossword clue in The Times
S
M
E
L
T
E
R
More clues leading to the result SMELTER
Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "Refinery" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case refinery = smelter.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does SMELTER mean?
SMELTER noun- A person employed to do smelting.
- A machine used to smelt metal.
- A place where smelting is done.