The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 6 letter word PAPISM
P
A
P
I
S
M
Buddy explains!
The straight part
We know that "Rome, to its detractors" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case rome, to its detractors = papism.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.