The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 4 letter word OMBU
I've seen this crossword clue in The Guardian
O
M
B
U
More clues leading to the result OMBU
Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "tree of the South American pampas" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case tree of the south american pampas = ombu.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.