The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 8 letter word GENETICS
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More clues leading to the result GENETICS
Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "Science of selecting line abandoned after evolution" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case science of selecting line abandoned after evolution = genetics.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does GENETICS mean?
GENETICS noun- The branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics, in particular chromosomes and DNA.
- The genetic makeup of a specific individual or species.