The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 5 plus 5 letter word CROWN COURT
I've seen this crossword clue in The Times
C
R
O
W
N
C
O
U
R
T
Buddy explains!
The straight part
We know that "public building" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case public building = crown court.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.