The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 6 letter word PROTON
I've seen this crossword clue in The Daily Telegraph
P
R
O
T
O
N
More clues leading to the result PROTON
- One's charged for not retreating
- Expert needs weight for elementary particle
- Particle rapidly showing displacement of neutron
- Something very small supporting a big mass?
- Soft corrosion on something tiny
- One charged with returning slogan of campaign against BBC diction
- Favouring an imperial unit, one is charged
- Particle, real or theoretical, of nucleus initially
- Hundred going down for particle that may not be elementary!
- A little bit in favor of a lot of weight
Buddy explains!

The straight part
We know that "Something very small" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case something very small = proton.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does PROTON mean?
PROTON noun- A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.