The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 11 letter word TRACHEOTOMY
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The straight part
We know that "Throat surgery" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case throat surgery = tracheotomy.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.
What does TRACHEOTOMY mean?
TRACHEOTOMY noun- A surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea, through the neck, and a tube inserted so as to make an artificial opening in order to assist breathing.