The most common and most likely answer to this crossword clue is the 3 plus 4 letter word RED ARMY
I've seen this crossword clue in The Daily Telegraph
R
E
D
A
R
M
Y
Buddy explains!
The straight part
We know that "Twentieth-century force" is the straight/definition part of the clue. The straight part is often a synonym or definition, in this case twentieth-century force = red army.The cryptic/wordplay part
In cryptic crossword there's often an wordplay/cryptic part as well.This part involves a more complex hint, such as an anagram, homophone, hidden word, etc.
Sadly, We don't have an explanation for this specific crossword clue yet.